Textbook in PDF format C Unleashed is a very comprehensive book on the ANSI C programming language. This book promotes solid, portable programming using ANSI C, thus benefiting programmers on any platform, including mainframes. Covers the New Standard for C, known as C9X, and includes embedded systems, simulation processing, threading and multiprocessing, digital signal processing, and natural language processing. Table of contents: Contents PART I: The C Language Revisited 1 C Programmer Unleashed! Who Should Read This Book? What Knowledge Is Assumed? How to Get the Most from This Book Why Another Book About C? Why ANSI C? What Platforms Does This Book Cover? About the Source Code in This Book Code Quality How This Book Is Organized Copyright Issues On the CD The C Programming Community Summary 2 Holy Wars: Programming Standards — Causes and Cures Bracing Styles Use of Whitespace Structured Programming Initialization Statics and Globals Identifier Names Writing Useful Comments Common Errors and Misunderstandings Understanding Declarations, Definitions, and Prototypes The Importance of Portability Macros C Versus C++ Summary 3 Optimization The Appeal of Optimization and Some Ancient History Thinking About Performance Profiling Algorithmic Strategies for Optimization Cooperative and Parallel Optimizations When Not to Optimize Summary 4 Dealing with Dates Date and Time Functions The Millennium Bug: Date-Related Problems Useful Bits and Pieces Summary 5 Playing with Bits and Bytes Representation of Values in C The Representation of Integer Values Using Unsigned Type for Bit Manipulation Bit Shifting Other Bit Operators Bit Arrays (Bit Maps) Bit Counting Bit Mirroring Bit-Fields Looking at Portability Summary 6 Offline Data Storage and Retrieval Goals and Applications Basic Techniques Generic Formats Advanced Techniques Related Topics Summary 7 When Things Go Wrong: Code-Mending Dealing with Diagnostics Debugging Common Errors Debugging Software Plan to Succeed by Expecting to Fail The Debugging Process A Programmer's Nightmare Summary 8 Managing Memory What Is Memory Management? Common Memory Usage Errors When a Memory Allocation Function Fails What to Do when calloc Succeeds Staying in Control Summary 9 Simulations and Controllers Finite State Machines Overview Light Switch Example Turning the FSM into Code Applications of Simulations and Controllers Safety Critical Aspects of Controllers Simulating a Simple Computer Summary 10 Recursion What Is Recursion? How to Use Recursion Understanding Recursion Applications for Recursion Summary PART II: Data Organization 11 Simple Abstract Data Structures Arrays Single-linked Lists Double-linked Lists Circular Lists Stacks Queues Priority Queues Deques Heterogeneous Structures and Object Trees Summary 12 Binary Search Trees Examining Search Algorithms Binary Trees Balanced Binary Trees Summary 13 Rapid Sorting Techniques Classifying Data Sorting Fundamentals Useful Sorting Techniques Merge Strategies Summary 14 Tries The Trie Data Structure How to Use Tries Comparison of Tries with Binary Trees and Hash Tables Summary 15 Sparse Matrix What Is a Sparse Matrix? Why Sparse Data? When to Use a Sparse Matrix Constructing a Sparse Matrix Traversing a Sparse Matrix Summary 16 Working with Graphs Defining Graphs Cyclic and Acyclic Graphs Representing Graphs Shortest Path Algorithms Minimum Spanning Trees Optimization: A Final Note Summary PART III: Advanced Topics 17 Matrix Arithmetic What Is a Matrix? Simple Matrix Arithmetic Operations Implementing a Matrix Structure in C Initializing from Arrays Getting a Matrix from a File Writing MATRIX_T Objects to stdout or a File Full Implementation of Addition and Transposition Complex Matrix Concepts Solving Linear Equations Where Do You Go from Here? Other Approaches Summary 18 Digital Signal Processing C Meets the Real World Data Compression Error Detection and Correction PID Control Algorithms Summary 19 Expression Parsing and Evaluation Statement of the Problem Statement of the Solution Polish Notation Transformation from Ordinary Form to Reverse Polish Form Transformation from Polish Form to Evaluation Parsing Erroneous Input Summary 20 Making Software Tools Characteristics of Good Software Tools Code Libraries General Purpose Filters and Tools Automatic Test Data Generation Code Generators Summary 21 Genetic Algorithms Understanding Genetic Algorithms Genetic Structure Mutation Operations Recombination Selection Opening the Black Box Optimization Example Application: A Genetic Stock Advisor Summary 22 Cross-Platform Development: Communications Programming Planning to Port Abstraction Layers Sockets Cross-platform Application Summary 23 Writing Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Applications in C What Is CGI? Getting Started with CGI HTML Input Techniques The CGI Environment Retrieving Input Parsing the Query String Sample Application: Function Prototype Lookup Security Concerns Summary 24 Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic How Error Propagates Through Arithmetic Operations Overflow, Underflow, and Divide by Zero Order of Computation The Sizes of Integers The Sizes of Floating Point Never Make Assumptions About the Environment Examples of Enormous Precision—and the Opposite Various Methods for Representing Enormous Precision Sample Code for Operating on Strings of Characters Fractional Numbers General Arithmetic Routines Using Standard Types Choose Your Representation Computing e to Ten Thousand Places Summary 25 Natural Language Processing Human Language Syntax and Semantics Complexities of Natural Language Input Complexities of Natural Language Output Summary 26 Encryption Assessing Security Risks Why Not Create New Encryption Algorithms? Selecting an Encryption Algorithm Implementing Encryption Summary 27 Embedded Systems Programming Embedded Systems in C Embedded C Programming and ANSI C Real Time Operating Systems RTEMS as a Typical Sample RTOS Summary 28 Parallel Processing Basic Concepts Computers and Parallel Processing Parallel Processing in C Summary 29 Looking to the Future: C99 What's New? What Did We Lose? What Changes? Summary PART IV: Appendixes A: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION NO WARRANTY How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs B: Selected Bibliography Books Networking Online Resources Index