Textbook in PDF format This Handbook brings together contributions from leading scholars of constitutionaltheory, with backgrounds in law, philosophy and political science. Its sixty chapters not only offer an exceptional survey of the field but also provide a major contribution to it. The book explores three main areas. First, the values upheld by a constitution, including rights, freedom, equality, dignity and well-being. Second, the modalities of a constitutional system, such as the separation of powers, democratic representation and the rule of law. Finally, the institutions through which it operates, both legal and political, including courts, elections, parliaments and international organisations. It also considers the challenges confronting constitutional arrangements from growing inequality, populism, climate change and migration. Introduction: Of Constitutions and Constitutional Theory / Richard Bellamy and Jeff King Part I Values Human Dignity / Jeremy Waldron Rights / Rowan Cruft Equality / Annabelle Lever Liberty / Philip Pettit Well-Being / Sarah Conly Self-Government / Thomas Christiano Justice: Procedural and Substantive / Rainer Forst Recognition / Helder De Schutter Part II Modalities Impartiality / Matthew H. Kramer Constitutional Legitimacy / Nomi Claire Lazar Sovereignty / David Dyzenhaus Constituent Power / Martin Loughlin Representation / Nadia Urbinati Deliberation / Simone Chambers Opposition / Grégoire Webber The Separation of Powers / Jacob T. Levy The Rule of Law / Jeff King Constitutional Conventions / Jon Elster Secularism / Cécile Laborde Constitutional Review / Christoph Möllers Constitutional Interpretation / Timothy Endicott Proportionality / George Letsas Civil Disobedience / Candice Delmas Constitutional Entrenchment / N. W. Barber Emergency Powers / Karin Loevy Regulation / Julia Black Cost–Benefit Analysis / Matthew Adler Revolution / Nimer Sultany Part III Institutions A The State The State / Anna-Bettina Kaiser The Material Constitution / Marco Goldoni Federalism / Stephen Tierney Consociationalism / Joseph Lacey and Nenad Stojanović Corporatism / Steven Klein Guarantor (or the So-called “Fourth Branch”) Institutions / Tarunabh Khaitan Central Banks / Jens van ’t Klooster B The Executive Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Their Hybrids / Steffen Ganghof Prerogative / Thomas Poole The Administrative State / Blake Emerson Executive Rulemaking / Susan Rose-Ackerman C The Democratic System Constituent Assemblies / Joel Colón-Ríos Citizenship / Elizabeth F. Cohen and Cyril Ghosh Elections / Daniel Weinstock Political Parties / Jonathan White and Lea Ypi Legislatures / Richard Ekins Referendums / Silvia Suteu Citizens’ Juries/Minipublics / Cristina Lafont D The Legal System Constitutional Courts and Supreme Courts / Christine Landfried Judicial Independence / David Kosař and Samuel Spáč Bills of Rights / Richard Bellamy Administrative Law / Farrah Ahmed Horizontal Effect / Oliver Gerstenberg E The Global System Global and National Constitutionalism / Carmen E. Pavel Regional Integration / Turkuler Isiksel International Organisations / Anne Peters Part IV Challenges for Constitutional Democracy Inequality / Roberto Gargarella Populism / Paul Blokker Climate Change / Jocelyn Stacey Migration / Sarah Song Constitutional Hardball / Mark Tushnet Bibliography Inde[