Textbook in PDF format The text provides a comprehensive exploration of the transitions occurring in the field-effect transistor technology, covering the historical evolution, current advancements, and future trends. Semiconductors are the cornerstone of modern electronics, enabling the functionality of virtually all electronic devices, from smartphones and computers to industrial machinery and medical equipment. At the heart of this technology lies the ability of semiconductors to control electrical current, making them essential components in transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), and other electronic devices. The miniaturization and enhancement of semiconductor devices have been key drivers in the evolution of technology, enabling the rapid advancement of computing power, data storage, and energy efficiency. The semiconductor industry is the cornerstone of modern electronics, enabling the development of everything from microprocessors to solar cells. Materials with electrical conductivity involving insulators and conductors that can be altered by temperature changes, electric fields, and doping are classified as semiconductors. They are essential to many electronic devices, such as integrated circuits (ICs), sensors, diodes, and transistors, due to their capacity to manipulate electrical attributes. The progression of semiconductor technology has followed a trajectory of continuous miniaturization and performance enhancement, driven by the industry’s adherence to Moore’s Law, which anticipated that transistor compactness would double on integrated circuits approximately every two years. This has led to exponential growth in computing power, data processing speeds, and energy efficiency. Conventional silicon (Si) is used as the primary material in the devices owing to its surplus, steady qualities, and solidified manufacturing procedures. Silicon oriented metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are the mainstay of the semiconductor sector, powering the daily usage electronics gadgets. Field Effect Transistors (FET) can use an electric field to turn on and off a semiconductor channel and hence current flowing within it, and are often referred to as unipolar transistors because they operate with only a single carrier type. In essence, FETs work by making use of either holes (p channel) or electrons (n channel), but not both. There is a wide range of field effect transistors. Typically, field effect transistors have extremely high input impedance at low frequencies. Features: Highlights the significance of field-effect transistors in VLSI and post-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor design strategies. Discusses design challenges, different modeling aspects of field-effect transistors, and emerging materials in semiconductor design. Showcases the importance of simulation in forecasting device behavior, enhancing performance, and investigating novel device designs. Covers topics such as quantum computing, device simulation process on technology computer-aided design, carbon nanotubes, and organic field-effect transistors. The text is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electrical and communications engineering, materials science, nanoscience, and nanotechnology